Citrus essential oils like lemon, orange, grapefruit and bergamot are some of the most popular scents in aromatherapy. Their bright, cheerful fragrance can make a room feel fresh, especially on a gray late-winter day. But some citrus oils carry a special precaution: they can make skin more sensitive to sunlight.
This is general information. For questions about skin reactions or sun sensitivity, talk with your doctor or a dermatologist.
What Is Photosensitivity?
Photosensitivity, sometimes called phototoxicity in this context, refers to a reaction that can occur when certain substances on the skin are exposed to ultraviolet light. Some citrus oils contain natural compounds called furanocoumarins. When skin with these compounds on it is exposed to sunlight or tanning beds, it can become red, irritated, blistered or discolored, sometimes in streaky patterns.
Which Oils Are Commonly Noted
Aromatherapy references often list certain cold-pressed citrus oils as photosensitizing. Examples commonly mentioned include:
- Bergamot, unless it is labeled as bergamot FCF, meaning furanocoumarin-free
- Cold-pressed lemon
- Cold-pressed lime
- Grapefruit
- Bitter orange
Not all citrus oils carry the same concern. The method of extraction matters. Steam-distilled citrus oils are often described as having less risk than cold-pressed versions. Sweet orange and mandarin are frequently listed as lower concern. Because information varies, check a reputable aromatherapy reference or ask a qualified aromatherapist about any specific oil.
Simple Precautions
If you use citrus oils on your skin, a few general practices can help:
- Use low dilutions in a carrier oil.
- Avoid applying photosensitizing oils to skin that will be exposed to the sun or tanning beds within the period recommended by your reference, often listed as around twelve hours.
- Apply blends to areas that will be covered by clothing.
- Choose bergamot FCF if you want bergamot’s scent on skin.
- Save bright citrus oils for diffusing rather than skin application during sunny months.
Remember Hidden Sources
Photosensitizing compounds can also appear in perfumes, lotions and other products that contain citrus oils. If you have had a reaction in the past, look at ingredient labels carefully. Fresh limes and other citrus fruits can also cause reactions when juice gets on the skin before sun exposure, which is why it is a good idea to wash your hands after squeezing limes outdoors.
Enjoying Citrus Safely
The easiest way to enjoy citrus scents without worrying about photosensitivity is to diffuse them. A few drops in a diffuser can brighten a kitchen or living room on a cloudy afternoon. Run the diffuser for short periods in a ventilated room, and be mindful of pets and anyone with breathing sensitivities.
If You Have a Reaction
If you notice redness, burning or blistering after using a citrus product and being in the sun, wash the area gently, keep it out of the sun and contact your doctor. With a little knowledge, though, you can continue to enjoy the cheerful scent of citrus as part of your self-care routine.